Proton flowmeter | Current situation and development prospects of domestic hydrogen fuel cell vehicle industry

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1. Relevant knowledge of plasma spectroscopy

Optical system: a new vertical light chamber design, fully enclosed gas drive type, using a precision temperature control and constant temperature system, high-energy intermediate step grating quartz prism cross dispersion internal optical path, wavelength and order two-dimensional dispersion, all optical components use total reflection spherical mirrors to ensure high light flux and low image distortion. Grating: ultrahigh resolution interference engraving technology, 52.91 pieces/mm, 63.5  blazed angle prism: cross dispersion, double pass design to ensure imaging quality, 9.5  angle, ultrapure ultraviolet fused silica wavelength coverage: 166-847nm full wavelength coverage, Al 167.120nm test can obtain higher ultraviolet sensitivity, for K 766.490nm and Na 818.326nm long wave, the same performance excellent focal length: 383nm, compact optical chamber 0.007nm optical resolution at 200nm, using large diffraction angle and high spectral level, high resolution optical path can be obtained under short focal length: gas displacement optical chamber, can It is argon or nitrogen, and the gas displacement is 0-2L/min. Typical 1L/min can obtain excellent ultraviolet performance, especially for the determination of As and P. External light path design allows for the selection of observation height for vertical torches and observation mode for bidirectional torches. Wavelength calibration: using automatic wavelength calibration programs for C, N, and Ar lines to ensure long-term wavelength stability. The temperature of the light chamber is 38 ± 0.1 ℃, with a precision temperature control of less than 20 minutes. The new generation RACID86 charge injection detector (CID) is

a high-performance solid-state imaging system. Thermoelectric CID is an enhanced charge transfer device capable of transmitting high contrast/low-noise images. It can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze all wavelengths within the analysis range without any charge overflow (Blooming) phenomenon. Detector mode: Random Read Integration (RAI) integrates selected analysis wavelengths simultaneously in the best signal-to-noise ratio, so that the amount of charge generated by light can be maintained within the linear range of CID. It is obtained by utilizing the non-destructive read (NDRO) function unique to CID. NDRO allows observation of signals on any pixel unit at any exposure point. In this way, the readout frequency between the number of images varies with real-time observation of the emission intensity, resulting in the widest linear dynamic range. Array size: 291600 independent addressing detection units, 540 × 540 array continuously covers all available wavelengths Image size: 27 × 27um Quantization efficiency: 200nm UV region can reach over 65% Quartz window: front angled closed quartz window, improves CID reliability and reduces stray light Detector cooling: efficient three-stage semiconductor refrigeration, cooling temperature -45 ℃, cooling time less than 3 minutes, gas and cooling water safety interlock Plasma observation: vertical observation: plasma is directly observed in vertical mode using high-efficiency magnesium fluoride coated mirrors. The incident light passes through a sealed external light path for gas displacement, which is corrosion-resistant and can achieve optimal spectral performance in the ultraviolet region. The observation height can be automatically optimized by software or selected by t

Proton flowmeter | Current situation and development prospects of domestic hydrogen fuel cell vehicle industry

1. Relevant knowledge of plasma spectroscopy

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